Elemental composition
The word petroleum is derived by combining the Latin words petra and oleum, which mean rock and oil respectively. Petroleum, like the source material kerogen, is predominantly comprised of organic compounds containing principally the elements hydrogen and carbon. The most fundamental characteristic of kerogen is hydrogen content! A high hydrogen-bearing kerogen (e.g., 10 wt. %) has a greater potential to generate oil and gas than kerogen with a low-hydrogen content (e.g., 4 wt. % hydrogen). Also because hydrogen is the lightest element, oils with higher hydrogen content have a lower specific gravity. The significance of specific gravity as a means of characterizing crude oil is discussed later.