experimental investigation wasperformed to study the flow structure of slurries of concen-trated settling suspensions in horizontal pipes. Visual observation showedthat the saltation of
solid particles wascaused bya transverse vortex whichis generated andgrows randomly in space
andtime ; and that large-scale motionexisted in the wholerange of heterogeneously suspended flow.
Tointerpret the flow structure, this study utilized the stability concept of stratified flow, pre-sumingthat the solid phase behaves like a fluid in the early part of the process. Theresults showed
that the formation of a transverse vortex waspredictable from the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
of the stratified flow. Thedensimetric Froude numberbased onthe depth and net velocity of
the water phase classifies three flow regimes: viz., (1) stable, (2) neutral and (3) unstable flows.
These correspond to those based onthe observed distinct modesof the flow; i.e., (1) sliding ona
stationary bed, (2) saltation with a deposit and (3) saltation without a deposit.
Thepressure gradient has no effect onthe stability criterion but affects the resulting dynamic
process by changing the frequency of generation in the transverse vortex. Measuredintensity
andthe time scale ofthe wallpressure fluctuations wererepresentative ofthe vortical motion,