Fracture toughness of a rock/material is important in the design of rock dril-
ling/boring equipment, rock bursting, prediction of rock drilling forces,
hydraulic fracturing, wellbore stability and stability of jointed rock masses.
A series of fracture toughness tests under mode-I, mode-II and mixed-mode
(I±II) loading conditions were conducted on straight-edge notch Brazilian
disk (SENBD) specimens in an attempt to develop an empirical failure
envelope under both tension-shear and compression-shear conditions. This
series of tests is the ®rst of its kind on a naturally weakly-cemented Antler
sandstone. Even though there have been published data on arti®cially cemen-
ted sandstones, there are no data on mixed-mode fracture toughness of such
soft formations. The SENBD specimen con®guration used herein provides
consistent failure patterns and development of a failure envelope in the com-
pression-shear zone, as well. Microscopic studies using thin sections of tested
and untested specimens were carried out to study the fracture propagation at
micro-level.