This book is about making decisions in the face of risks and uncertainties. Our ultimate goal is to arrive at decisions that provide desirable outcomes, but the risks and uncertainties oblige us to acknowledge that the best we can do is to obtain confidence in being able to obtain desirable outcomes. At the point of the decision-making we do not know the future outcomes of the activities (alternatives) that we are investigating, and the challenge is then, how we should perform the decision-making process.